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2-Amino-1,9-dihydro-9-((2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl)-6H-purin-6-one; Acycloguanosine; Acyclovir; Vipral; Virorax; Zovirax; 2-Amino-1,9-dihydro-9-((2-hydroxyethoxy)-methyl)-6H-Purin-6-one; 9-((2-Hydroxyethoxy)methyl)guanine; ACV; Aciclovirum; Aciclovirum; 9-[(2-Hydroxyethoxy)methyl]guanine;
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Acyclovir is a partial nucleoside. It is a functional analog of the guanosine. Chemically acycloguanosine has an open-chain structure instead of the sugar ring. It is selectively and rapidly converted into the acyclo-guanosine monophosphate (acyclo-GMP) by highly affinitive thymidine kinase after administration in the cell. The monophosphate is further converted into diphosphate and into subsequently triphosphate by a number of cellular kinases. Acyclovir triphosphate terminates replication of herpes viral DNA. Acyclovir is a synthetic acyclic purine nucleoside analogue with selective antiviral activity predominantly against herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type II (HSV-2). Acyclovir is also active against varicella zoster virus (VZV), epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) It is inactive against latent viruses in nerve ganglia. In addition to aciclovir (prodrug: valaciclovir) antivirals against herpes simplex virus include cidofovir, docosanol, famciclovir, fomivirsen, foscarnet, ganciclovir, idoxuridine, penciclovir, trifluridine, tromantadine, valaciclovir, valganciclovir, and vidarabine Valaciclovir is the prodrug which is converted to the active aciclovir in vivo by esterase.
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